Overview of cotton impurity content testing and ASTM D2812 and BS 2889


Cotton inevitably contains various impurities during its natural growth, harvesting, storage, transportation, and processing due to various reasons. These impurities not only affect the quality and price of raw cotton but also significantly impact the production and economic benefits of textile mills. Therefore, several major cotton-producing and consuming countries in the world, including China, have established detailed standards for testing cotton impurity content to regulate related matters in commercial practices and scientific research. The following is a brief introduction and analysis of the standards and instruments used for measuring impurity content in cotton outside of China.

Historical Development

The earliest and most systematic standards for testing impurity content in cotton were proposed in the UK. In 1955, the Textile Institute organized a drafting committee comprised of researchers and industry professionals to develop standards for testing impurity content in cotton fibers, resulting in Standard No. 35, a trial standard for textiles. After revisions, it was established as British National Standard BS 2889:1967 in 1967, “Methods for determining the content of waste cotton for spinning and the content of spinning waste and lint waste using an impurity analyzer.”
In 1995, the Textile Institute and the British Standards Institution (BSI) reviewed and slightly modified the standard, converting the imperial units to metric units. In 2002, the standard was finalized without further changes. Currently, the standard remains BS 2889:1967 and is titled “Methods for determining the content of impurities in cotton and the content of textile waste and impurities using a Syle impurity analyzer.” As a major cotton-producing country, India, referencing British national standards, promulgated its national standard IS 4871:1968, “Method for determining the fiber and impurity content in cotton using mechanical and pneumatic instruments,” in 1968. This standard underwent its most recent re-approval in February 2004, with no change to the standard number or name.
In 1969, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) published ASTM D 2812—1969 T, ​​”Test Method for Impurity Content in Cotton.” After several revisions, ASTM D 2812—1995, “Test Method for Cotton Fiber and Non-Cotton Fiber Content,” was promulgated in September 1995. This standard underwent further review in 2021, and ASTM D 2812—2007 (Reapproved 2021) became the current standard for cotton impurity testing in the United States.

Overview of BSI and ASTM Standards

Definition
ASTM D 2812—1995 (Reapproved 2002) defines and describes foreign substances, invisible impurities, visible impurities, and cotton fibrous substances.
BS 2889: 1967 does not provide any definitions or descriptions for the terms used therein.
Principle​
After weighing, the sample is separated into impurities and cotton fibrous material using an analyzer. Typically, when testing cotton, there is also the possibility of dust being released into the air or loss due to changes in the sample’s moisture content. The separated impurities and cotton fibrous material are weighed separately and expressed as their respective mass fractions relative to the original sample mass.

Cotton impurity detection instrument

YG041 Trash Analyzer is used to determine the amount of the impurity of raw cotton, cotton rolls, and chemical fiber defect.
This machine is complete with the standards:GB/T 6499-2022 (Method A) ,ASTM D2812-07(2021).
Follows are features of the analyzer：
  • Equipped with lighting fixture;
  • The whole body is metal structure, sturdy and durable.
Reference: *China Fiber Inspection* (Vol. 06, No. 08) — “Foreign cotton impurity content detection and related measurements” If any copyright infringement is detected, please contact us.

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