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Comparison of Standards for Carbon Black Content Determination Methods

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Carbon black is one of the most commonly used additives for UV resistance and weathering stabilization in polyolefin materials. Its content not only directly affects the performance of pipes and fittings, but also determines the comparability of test data and the consistency of compliance when product standards reference specific test methods. With GB/T 13021 being upgraded from the earlier single-method framework to the 2023 edition and becoming identical to ISO 6964:2019, China’s testing and quality-control system has entered a new stage in terms of method selection, key parameter settings, and mutual recognition of results with international standards. To facilitate an accurate understanding of the differences among standards, this paper takes GB/T 13021-2023 as the main line, compares the key differences among ISO 6964:2019, ASTM D 1603-20, and ASTM D 4218-20, and discusses how these differences affect test execution and data interpretation. Comparison of the current status of dome...
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Wet Spinning Machine: A Practical Guide to the Wet Spinning Process

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A  wet spinning machine  is used to form fibers from a polymer solution (often called a spinning dope) by extruding it through a spinneret directly into a coagulation bath. In that bath, the polymer precipitates and solidifies into filaments, which are then washed, drawn, heat-treated, and wound into a usable fiber format. Wet spinning remains essential for polymers that cannot be melt-spun (because they degrade before melting) and for applications that demand precise microstructure control—from high-performance technical yarns to regenerated cellulosics and specialty biomedical materials. Below is a practical, engineering-oriented overview of what wet spinning is, how the  wet spinning process  works on a wet spinning machine, which parameters most strongly influence performance, and how to think about sustainability and compliance when solvents and wastewater become part of the process reality. What Is Wet Spinning (and Why It Still Matters) Wet spinning is a solut...
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Understanding the Melt Flow Index Tester

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In polymer science and industrial manufacturing, material consistency is never accidental. Whether you are working in a university laboratory, a polymer research institute, a textile fiber production line, or an industrial quality control department, the flow behavior of molten plastics directly affects processing stability, product uniformity, and long-term performance. One of the most widely used and standardized tools for evaluating this behavior is the melt flow index tester. Through a controlled mfi test, this instrument measures how a thermoplastic polymer flows when subjected to a specific temperature and load. The resulting value—commonly reported as grams per 10 minutes—serves as a fast and practical indicator of melt viscosity and molecular structure. ​Despite its apparent simplicity, melt flow index testing plays a foundational role across the plastics, textile, and polymer processing industries. It is used daily for raw material inspection, batch-to-batch quality control, a...
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Current Status and Development Trends of Warping Machines

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The quality of warp preparation largely depends on the warping process. The better the warping process, the better the warp knitting quality, and achieving high-quality warp knitting production is already halfway to success. Warping is a weaving preparation process that involves simultaneously drawing a specific number of warp yarns from the bobbins, forming warp sheets with uniform tension and parallel arrangement, and winding them onto a warping beam or loom beam according to specified lengths and widths for knitting. This article analyzes the shortcomings of domestic warping machines and proposes areas for technical improvement. Classification and Development Status of Warping Machines Warping machines have developed over decades, with increasing types available. According to different warping methods, warping machines can be classified into four major types: batch warping machines (shaft diameter warping machines), sectional warping machines (belt-type warping machines), ball warpi...
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Drop Weight Impact Tester: Working Principle & Buying Guide

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When you are responsible for testing material performance, accuracy is critical. In research institutions, universities, and textile or plastic manufacturing facilities, knowing how materials react to sudden impact is essential. Impact behavior plays a key role in quality control and product development. Static tests alone cannot reflect real working conditions. In real life, materials usually fail because of sudden drops, collisions, or external hits, not slow loading. This is why the   drop weight impact tester  is widely used across many industries. It allows you to recreate real impact situations in a controlled and repeatable way. The testing process follows recognized standards. Whether you are testing plastic pipes, rigid sheets, or engineered polymers, this equipment helps you measure impact resistance with confidence and consistency. In this guide, you will learn what a drop weight impact tester is and why it is important. You will explore the different types availabl...
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Shaped Fibers: Types and Technologies

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Shaped fibers are chemical fibers produced by spinning through spinnerets with specific geometric shapes, resulting in special cross-sectional shapes and functions. Conventional chemical fibers with circular cross-sections have disadvantages such as low surface luster, a waxy feel, susceptibility to soiling and pilling, poor water absorbency, and low covering power. Therefore, modifying these fibers to obtain improved performance has long been a continuous goal. Modification of synthetic fibers mainly includes physical and chemical methods, with physical methods being more common than chemical ones. Changing the fiber cross-section is a simple way to obtain different fiber properties and belongs to physical modification. Among physical modification methods, it ranks first and is the most important means for producing shaped fibers. Types, Functions, and Applications of Shaped Fibers Because there are many ways to modify fiber cross-sections, a wide variety of shaped fibers have been de...
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How Friction Shapes Fabric Feel

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  Friction is the phenomenon in which two object surfaces come into contact and move relative to each other under external force, generating tangential resistance at the contact interface. This tangential resistance is friction force, and its magnitude depends on the characteristics of the object surfaces. It is one of the classical mechanical properties. For fabrics, surface friction performance is also one of the most basic mechanical properties. It is generally characterized by the friction coefficient and surface roughness. The surface friction performance of fabrics affects their smoothness or slipperiness, contributing to the richness of textile surface hand. A low friction coefficient results in a smooth hand, while a high friction coefficient leads to a rough hand. Regarding auditory style, specially treated silk fabrics produce low-frequency vibrations when rubbed together, creating the “silk sound” effect, which provides a pleasant sensation when they contact the skin dur...
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