Comparison and Analysis of Test Methods for Breaking Strength of Woven Fabrics

 

Textiles are subject to numerous mechanical tests, such as those for tearing strength, bursting strength, seam strength, peel strength, and breaking strength. Among these, breaking strength—a key indicator—is defined as the maximum force recorded when a fabric ruptures during tensile testing. A higher breaking strength value indicates greater resistance to rupture, and vice versa.
Currently, the two primary domestic methods for testing the breaking strength of woven fabrics are GB/T 3923.1—2013, *Textiles—Tensile properties of fabrics—Part 1: Determination of maximum force and elongation at maximum force using the strip method*, and GB/T 3923.2—2013, *Textiles—Tensile properties of fabrics—Part 2: Determination of maximum force using the grab method* [2]. These two methods differ significantly in aspects ranging from specimen preparation to the configuration of testing parameters. This paper examines the differences between the two methods, focusing specifically on specimen preparation.

Comparison and Analysis of Differences in Breaking Strength Test Methods

GB/T 3923.1—2013 “Textiles—Tensile properties of fabrics—Part 1: Determination of maximum force and elongation at maximum force using the strip method” (hereinafter referred to as the “strip method”) and GB/T 3923.2—2013 “Textiles—Tensile properties of fabrics—Part 2: Determination of maximum force using the grab method” (hereinafter referred to as the “grab method”) are commonly used methods for testing the breaking strength of woven fabrics; however, they differ in several testing requirements. 
First, there are differences in the specimen preparation stage. The strip method requires specimens to have fringed edges to reduce the likelihood of yarns unraveling along the warp or weft directions during stretching, given the narrow specimen width. In contrast, the grab method requires marking lines on the specimen; because the specimen is wider and clamped at the center to ensure uniform force distribution, these lines assist with accurate positioning. Consequently, whether fringed edges are retained and the accuracy of the marking line placement directly affect the test results.
Second, there are differences in the clamping method. The strip method allows for clamping under pretension, keeping the specimen straight and flat prior to testing to enhance force uniformity. Conversely, grab method specimens are relatively short and wide—remaining comparatively flat during clamping—so pretension is generally not applied, and its impact is relatively minor.
Third, there are differences in test parameter settings. Key parameters such as specimen dimensions, clamp face dimensions, gauge length, and stretching speed differ between the strip method and the grab method; these discrepancies may lead to variations in test results across different laboratories.

Experimental Design for Different Test Methods

When testing the breaking strength of woven fabrics, laboratory personnel typically select an appropriate test method based on the product type and relevant standards. However, for semi-finished goods or products undergoing contract manufacturing, the product category and attributes may be unclear, making it impossible to immediately determine whether the strip method or the grab method is suitable. Consequently, comparative testing using both methods is often required to analyze result discrepancies and provide a basis for the client’s final choice.

To investigate the differences in test results between these two methods, this study selected eight different types of woven fabrics and analyzed them using both the strip method and the grab method.
Breaking strength tests were conducted on prepared samples using specific technical parameters, and the results were compared.

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