Common Functional Characteristics and Applications of Chemical fiber


Chemical fibers share several common functional characteristics, including differences in strength, moisture absorption, elasticity, heat resistance, dyeability, and durability, which determine their practical applications. Regenerated fibers such as viscose and cuprammonium offer good comfort and moisture absorption, making them suitable for apparel. Synthetic fibers like polyester, nylon, acrylic, and polypropylene provide advantages such as high strength, wear resistance, wrinkle resistance, and lightweight performance, supporting wide use in clothing, industrial textiles, and technical products. Specialty fibers such as spandex, aramid, and polyethylene serve high-performance needs including elasticity, protection, flame resistance, and industrial filtration. Together, chemical fibers play a vital role across fashion, household, and industrial sectors. 

Viscose fiber

Viscose fiber is one of the main varieties of artificial fibers. Due to its similar properties to cotton, it is also known as artificial cotton.
Main characteristics
(1) Its strength is less than that of cotton, and its elongation at break is greater than that of cotton. After absorbing moisture, its strength significantly decreases, and the wet strength is only about 50% of the dry strength.
(2) Its wear resistance is poor, and it becomes even worse after absorbing moisture.
(3) It is prone to deformation under small loads, and its dimensional stability is poor.
(4) It has better moisture absorption capacity than cotton, and under normal atmospheric conditions, its moisture regain can reach about 13%.
(5) Its heat resistance and thermal stability are good.
(6) Its dyeing performance is good, with a complete color spectrum and the ability to dye bright colors.
(7) It is more resistant to alkali but less resistant to acid.
Main applications and usage properties
Viscose fiber is used due to its good moisture absorption, comfortable wearing, good spinnability, and can be blended and interwoven with cotton, wool, and other synthetic fibers for various clothing and decorative products. Viscose filament is used to weave silk-like fabrics, and high-strength viscose can be used as tire cord, conveyor belts, and other industrial products.

Cuprammonuium fiber

Cuprammonuium fiber is also a type of regenerated cellulose fiber. It is made by dissolving natural cellulose polymers such as cotton short fibers in a copper hydroxide solution or a concentrated ammonia solution of alkaline copper salts to form a spinning solution. Then, it undergoes wet spinning and post-processing to be transformed into cuprammonuium fiber.
Basic characteristics of cuprammonuium fiber
(1) The fiber cross-section is circular, with a skin-core structure, and is straight and smooth in the longitudinal direction.
(2) The dry strength of cuprammonuium fiber is similar to that of viscose fiber, and the wet strength is about 50% of the dry strength.
(3) The moisture absorption capacity is similar to that of viscose fiber. Under normal atmospheric conditions, the moisture regain rate is approximately 12%-13%.
(4) The dyeing property is excellent, with a complete color spectrum.
(5) It is relatively resistant to alkali but not to acid.
(6) It has good heat resistance and thermal stability.
Main applications and usage properties
Cuprammonuium fiber is soft and fine, with a gentle luster. It is commonly used in high-end silk or knitted fabrics. Due to the limitation of raw materials and the complexity of the process, the output is relatively low.

Vinyl acetate fiber
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Main features
(1) The strength of bisucral fiber is lower than that of viscose fiber, and its wet strength is approximately 60% of its dry strength; the wet strength of trisucral fiber is close to its dry strength.
(2) Its moisture absorption capacity is poorer than that of viscose fiber. Under normal atmospheric conditions, the moisture regain of bisucral fiber is about 6.5%, and that of trisucral fiber is about 4.5%.
(3) Its dyeing performance is worse than that of viscose fiber. Usually, disperse dyes and special dyes are used for dyeing.
(4) Ethylcellulose fiber has certain resistance to dilute alkali and dilute acid, but it will be saponified and decomposed by concentrated alkali.
(5) Ethylcellulose fiber has good heat resistance and thermal stability, and has persistent ironing finishing performance.
Main applications and usage properties
Ethylcellulose fiber has a lower moisture absorption capacity, is less prone to contamination, is easy to wash, and has a soft hand, good elasticity, and is not prone to wrinkling. Therefore, it is more suitable for making women’s clothing fabrics, lining materials, close-fitting women’s clothes and pants, etc. It can also be woven with other fibers to produce various satin products.

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